A persistent increase in blood pressure is observed in approximately the adult population on the planet. At the risk of the high blood pressure group, people over 40, mainly men. Representatives of the opposite sex also suffer from this disease, but much less often and generally at a more advanced age. In women, hypertension generally occurs after 50 years, during menopause. This is due to the imbalance of hormones in the body due to the cessation of the production of sex hormones with ovaries.Fortunately, modern medicine has a vast arsenal of cardiotropic drugs that allow you to control blood pressure in patients, thus preventing the development of cardiovascular disasters, improving the quality of life and the prognosis of patients. At the same time, an important role in the effectiveness of treatment is played by the patient's lifestyle, in all cases of the disease, it is recommended to reject bad habits, reduction of body weight, activitymoderate physics, restriction of consumption of the table salt.
What is high blood pressureIt is a persistent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure greater than 130 and 80 mm Hg. It can be independent (essential hypertension) and continue within the framework of the symptom of other diseases. Hundreds of vascular in the constant change in tension and lose their functions, which affects the work of the entire cardiovascular system. Consequently, it is important, with a persistent increase in blood pressure greater than 130/80 mm HgContact the doctor or cardiologist to examine and select drugs for regular blood pressure control.According to the pressure indicators, 3 degrees of high blood pressure are distinguished. The first is characterized by an increase in systolic pressure at 160 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 100 mm Hg. Art. The second is characterized by indicators up to 180 and 110 mm Hg. Art. , For the third - more than 180 and more than 110 mm Hg. Art. respectively. During the diagnosis, only one indicator is enough for the doctor diagnostic hypertension and establishes his diploma.
ReasonsThe exhaustive list of factors that cause disease does not exist, but scientists have succeeded in establishing direct dependence on blood pressure on certain diseases, conditions and habits of which: include: hereditary predisposition;prolonged stress;excess body weight;diabetes and other endocrine disturbances in history;Kidney diseases, adrenal glands;age -related changes in the circulatory system;Too much salt consumption;Use of hormonal contraception;abuse of alcoholic beverages, smoking;The uncontrolled use of nasal vasoconstrictive drops, coffee abuse.lack of physical activity;Age of the elderly.
SymptomsPatients cannot experience symptoms of high blood pressure, with long -term syndrome, due to the adaptation of blood vessels to a high number of blood pressure. Among the characteristic signs of the disease, headaches, non -systemic dizziness can be distinguished. The "flies" in the eyes, the tides, the episodes of rapid heart rhythm, the nasal bleeding and the noise in the ears can also be observed.The signs listed above can be more or less pronounced, it depends on the individual characteristics of the human body. However, whatever the degree of their manifestation, it is necessary in any case to request medical aid to normalize blood pressure, meticulous examination and prescription therapy.If pathology is not accompanied by any symptoms, this does not mean that it is not dangerous and does not affect the condition of the vascular walls. To detect asymptomatic hypertension in people of risk groups, it is recommended to regularly control the pressure using a toneometer.With an increase in blood pressure greater than 140 per 90 mm Hg. Art. , As well as in the presence of clinical symptoms in the form of headache, shortness of breath, pain in the heart, nasal bleeding should be caused by the ambulance. Hypertonic crisis as a complication, the state requiring emergency medical care. In the absence of such, the state can earn a threatening life and lead to serious complications and even the death of the patient.
DiagnosisWhen suspicious symptoms appear, first of all, it is important to visit a therapist or a cardiologist. During the initial appointment, the doctor carefully examines the patient, measures blood pressure and collects an anamnesis.The specialist clarifies the information necessary to determine the examination and processing tactics. It includes chronic concomitant diseases, taking medication, bad habits, heredity of cardiovascular disease and patient's physical activity.Then the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrument studies. Clinical protocols are recommended to direct the patient to general blood and urine clinical tests, determine the level of glucose, electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, sodium), lipid profile indicators, creatinine, urea, uric acid, uric acid, uric acid, uric acid, uric acid, uric acidTSH, T3 and T4 hormones free to assess the function of the thyroid gland.It is imperative to lead an electrocardiography, an echocardiography, daily monitoring of blood pressure (MAMD). Send the patient to the doctor an ophthalmologist to examine bloody vessels. The presence of retinal angiopathy is one of their most important diagnostic criteria for hypertension.
High blood pressure treatmentThe treatment management depends on the degree of high blood pressure, the seriousness of the state, the causes of the pathology and other factors. First of all, it is important to change the lifestyle: abandon bad habits, connect regular training or long walks in fresh air and abandon a large amount of salt. But in most cases, patients need regular use of drugs, daily blood pressure monitoring.In some cases, surgery is necessary (for example, the removal of neoplasm in the adrenal gland). If the pathological process is secondary (is a consequence of a disease), treatment should aim to eliminate the main disease.
Recommended drugsThe therapeutic scheme is developed individually for each patient. As a rule, the following means are used for therapy:ACE inhibitors. These drugs reduce pressure by reducing total peripheral vascular resistance. Are front -line drugs and are released in accordance with the doctor's prescription. The antagonists of the Angiotensin II receptors have a similar action mechanism, are prescribed for intolerance to ECA inhibitors or in the presence of contraindications.Beta-blockers. They operate due to the blocking of β1-adrenergic receptors located in the heart. This leads to a change in the innervation of the heart, a decrease in the frequency and the force of cardiac contractions, a reduction in pressure. Priority in patients with concomitant heart rate disorders.Calcium antagonists. Their main property is the ability to reversibly inhibit calcium movement in cellular structures. The drugs in this class are released according to the doctor's prescription.Sedatives. Shown in cases where high blood pressure causes stress. Safety drugs on a vegetable basis include Novopassit, mom, extract from Valerian in the form of a tablet.Some vitamin-mineral complexes and additives can be useful.There are contraindications. Consultation of a specialist is necessary. All drugs, doses and duration of the administration must be determined by the attending physician. Most drugs are released in pharmacies only depending on the recipes, as uncontrolled use can cause serious to death to death.
PreventionClinical recommendations for high blood pressure prevention concern the elimination of all existing factors that can cause the development of the pathological process. First of all, it is recommended to minimize stressful situations, to abandon bad habits, to monitor body mass, to limit savory, net and spicy products in nutrition, regularly monitor pressure indicators, especially S 'There are risks of hypertension development associated with a hereditary factor.If essential hypertension has already been diagnosed, the patient is prescribed antihypertensive drugs for regular consumption, followed by blood pressure control. Target blood pressure indicators according to current clinical protocols<130/80 mm Hg
